Kotlin: Nullable Types

1.Safe Calls (?.)

 - If the object is null, the expression which is using the safe call operator will     return null instead of throwing a

-  Null Pointer Exception.

- It allows you to safely access properties or methods of an object that may be null.

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2. Non-Null Assertion (!!)

 -Use it when you are sure that  the value is NOT NULL.

-Throws Null pointer Exception if the value is found to be NULL.

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3. Elvis operator(?:)

- If name is not null, it assigns the actual length, otherwise, it assigns 0.

- Reduces boilerplate code associated with null checks.

- If the result is not null, that result is used otherwise it shows error.

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4. Safe Casting (as?)

 Safe casting is performed using the as? operator.

It is used for converting or casting a variable from one type to another while avoiding runtime errors.

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5. Let Function

- Executes a block of code if the variable is not null.

-name? .let checks if name is not null.

-If name is not null, the lambda block inside is executed.

-Within the lambda, it refers to the name object.

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